1: Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Zoheir KM, Iqbal M, Anwer MK, Al Hoshani AR, Attia SM, Ahmad SF. Diosmin downregulates the expression of T cell receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB activation against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Pharmacol Res. 2015 Dec;102:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.001. PubMed PMID: 26361726.
2: Neerati P, Bedada SK. Effect of diosmin on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine in rats. Pharmacol Rep. 2015 Apr;67(2):339-44. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.010. PubMed PMID: 25712660.
3: Russo R, Mancinelli A, Ciccone M, Terruzzi F, Pisano C, Severino L. Pharmacokinetic Profile of µSMIN Plus™, a new Micronized Diosmin Formulation, after Oral Administration in Rats. Nat Prod Commun. 2015 Sep;10(9):1569-72. PubMed PMID: 26594761.
4: Vrbata P, Berka P, Stránská D, Doležal P, Lázníček M. Electrospinning of diosmin from aqueous solutions for improved dissolution and oral absorption. Int J Pharm. 2014 Oct 1;473(1-2):407-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.017. PubMed PMID: 25066074.
5: Senthamizhselvan O, Manivannan J, Silambarasan T, Raja B. Diosmin pretreatment improves cardiac function and suppresses oxidative stress in rat heart after ischemia/reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Aug 5;736:131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.026. PubMed PMID: 24769512.
6: Lewinska A, Siwak J, Rzeszutek I, Wnuk M. Diosmin induces genotoxicity and apoptosis in DU145 prostate cancer cell line. Toxicol In Vitro. 2015 Apr;29(3):417-25. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.005. PubMed PMID: 25499067.
7: Barreca D, Laganà G, Bruno G, Magazù S, Bellocco E. Diosmin binding to human serum albumin and its preventive action against degradation due to oxidative injuries. Biochimie. 2013 Nov;95(11):2042-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.014. PubMed PMID: 23886889.
8: Queenthy SS, John B. Diosmin exhibits anti-hyperlipidemic effects in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 15;718(1-3):213-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.031. PubMed PMID: 24036254.
9: Hnátek L. [Therapeutic potential of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) of diosmin and hesperidin in treatment chronic venous disorder]. Vnitr Lek. 2015 Sep;61(9):807-14. Review. Czech. PubMed PMID: 26465280.
10: Jain D, Bansal MK, Dalvi R, Upganlawar A, Somani R. Protective effect of diosmin against diabetic neuropathy in experimental rats. J Integr Med. 2014 Jan;12(1):35-41. doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(14)60001-7. PubMed PMID: 24461593.
11: Milano G, Leone S, Fucile C, Zuccoli ML, Stimamiglio A, Martelli A, Mattioli F. Uncommon serum creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase increase during diosmin therapy: two case reports. J Med Case Rep. 2014 Jun 16;8:194. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-194. PubMed PMID: 24934505; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4070635.
12: Tong N, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Qiu Y, Gong Y, Yin L, Qiu Q, Wu X. Diosmin alleviates retinal edema by protecting the blood-retinal barrier and reducing retinal vascular permeability during ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 24;8(4):e61794. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061794. PubMed PMID: 23637907; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3634841.
13: Bogucka-Kocka A, Woźniak M, Feldo M, Kockic J, Szewczyk K. Diosmin--isolation techniques, determination in plant material and pharmaceutical formulations, and clinical use. Nat Prod Commun. 2013 Apr;8(4):545-50. Review. PubMed PMID: 23738475.
14: Tahir M, Rehman MU, Lateef A, Khan R, Khan AQ, Qamar W, Ali F, O'Hamiza O, Sultana S. Diosmin protects against ethanol-induced hepatic injury via alleviation of inflammation and regulation of TNF-α and NF-κB activation. Alcohol. 2013 Mar;47(2):131-9. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.12.010. PubMed PMID: 23419394.
15: Tong N, Zhang Z, Gong Y, Yin L, Wu X. Diosmin protects rat retina from ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Oct;28(5):459-66. PubMed PMID: 22509733; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3459007.
16: Freag MS, Elnaggar YS, Abdallah OY. Development of novel polymer-stabilized diosmin nanosuspensions: in vitro appraisal and ex vivo permeation. Int J Pharm. 2013 Sep 15;454(1):462-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.039. PubMed PMID: 23830765.
17: Dung TD, Day CH, Binh TV, Lin CH, Hsu HH, Su CC, Lin YM, Tsai FJ, Kuo WW, Chen LM, Huang CY. PP2A mediates diosmin p53 activation to block HA22T cell proliferation and tumor growth in xenografted nude mice through PI3K-Akt-MDM2 signaling suppression. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 May;50(5):1802-10. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.021. PubMed PMID: 22289577.
18: Tahir M, Rehman MU, Lateef A, Khan AQ, Khan R, Qamar W, O'Hamiza O, Ali F, Hasan SK, Sultana S. Diosmin abrogates chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis via alleviation of oxidative stress, hyperproliferative and inflammatory markers in murine model. Toxicol Lett. 2013 Jul 18;220(3):205-18. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.004. PubMed PMID: 23665045.
19: Dholakiya SL, Benzeroual KE. Protective effect of diosmin on LPS-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and inhibition of TNF-α expression. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Aug;25(5):1039-44. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.04.003. PubMed PMID: 21477647.
20: Giannini I, Amato A, Basso L, Tricomi N, Marranci M, Pecorella G, Tafuri S, Pennisi D, Altomare DF. Flavonoids mixture (diosmin, troxerutin, hesperidin) in the treatment of acute hemorrhoidal disease: a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial. Tech Coloproctol. 2015 Jun;19(6):339-45. doi: 10.1007/s10151-015-1302-9. Erratum in: Tech Coloproctol. 2015 Oct;19(10):665-6. PubMed PMID: 25893991.

Chemical
CAS Num	520-27-4
Chemical Formula	C28H32O15
Molecular Weight	608.549
IUPAC Chemical Name	5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
Exact Mass	608.1741
Elemental Analysis	C, 55.26; H, 5.30; O, 39.44
Synonym	Diosmin, Barosmin, 3’,5,7-Trihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone 7-rutinoside.
Solubility	Soluble in DMSO
SMILES Code	OC1=C(C(C=C(C2=CC=C(OC)C(O)=C2)O3)=O)C3=CC(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O5)O4)=C1
Biological
Targets and Effects	N/A
Pathways	Apoptosis
Physical
Appearance	Solid powder
Purity	>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition	Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition	Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Shelf Life	>2 years if stored properly