1: Bhalekar M, Upadhaya P, Madgulkar A. Formulation and evaluation of Adapalene-loaded nanoparticulates for epidermal localization. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2015 Oct 19. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26483036.
2: Shi XN, Li H, Yao H, Liu X, Li L, Leung KS, Kung HF, Lin MC. Adapalene inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in colorectal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep 10. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4310. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26398439.
3: Chularojanamontri L, Tuchinda P, Kulthanan K, Varothai S, Winayanuwattikun W. A double-blinded, randomized, vehicle-controlled study to access skin tolerability and efficacy of an anti-inflammatory moisturizer in treatment of acne with 0.1% adapalene gel. J Dermatolog Treat. 2015 Sep 2:1-6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26293170.
4: Modi PB, Shah NJ. Novel Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Clindamycin Phosphate and Adapalene along with Preservatives in Topical Gel Formulations. Sci Pharm. 2014 Jun 20;82(4):799-813. doi: 10.3797/scipharm.1404-01. eCollection 2014 Dec. PubMed PMID: 26171325; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4475806.
5: Kwon HH, Park SY, Yoon JY, Min S, Suh DH. Do tutorials on application method enhance adapalene-benzoyl peroxide combination gel tolerability in the treatment of acne? J Dermatol. 2015 Jun 20. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12979. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26096777.
6: Uehara A, Abe M, Shimizu A, Motegi SI, Amano H, Ishikawa O. Successful treatment of lichen spinulosus with topical adapalene. Eur J Dermatol. 2015 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26080857.
7: Gollnick HP, Friedrich M, Peschen M, Pettker R, Pier A, Streit V, Jöstingmeyer P, Porombka D, Rojo Pulido I, Jäckel A. Effect of adapalene 0.1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% topical gel on quality of life and treatment adherence during long-term application in patients with predominantly moderate acne with or without concomitant medication - additional results from the non-interventional cohort study ELANG. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Jun;29 Suppl 4:23-9. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13195. PubMed PMID: 26059731.
8: Gollnick HP, Friedrich M, Peschen M, Pettker R, Pier A, Streit V, Jöstingmeyer P, Porombka D, Rojo Pulido I, Jäckel A. Safety and efficacy of adapalene 0.1% / benzoyl peroxide 2.5% in the long-term treatment of predominantly moderate acne with or without concomitant medication - results from the non-interventional cohort study ELANG. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Jun;29 Suppl 4:15-22. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13194. PubMed PMID: 26059730.
9: Gollnick HP, Funke G, Kors C, Titzmann T, Jöstingmeyer P, Jäckel A. Efficacy of adapalene/benzoyl peroxide combination in moderate inflammatory acne and its impact on patient adherence. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2015 Jun;13(6):557-65. doi: 10.1111/ddg.12613. English, German. PubMed PMID: 26018369.
10: Numata T, Jo R, Kobayashi Y, Tsuboi R, Okubo Y. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by adapalene. Contact Dermatitis. 2015 Sep;73(3):187-8. doi: 10.1111/cod.12410. Epub 2015 May 11. PubMed PMID: 25960068.

Chemical
CAS Num	106685-40-9
Chemical Formula	C28H28O3
Molecular Weight	412.53
IUPAC Chemical Name	6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid
Exact Mass	412.20384
Elemental Analysis	C, 81.52; H, 6.84; O, 11.63
Synonym	ADAPALENE; Differin; Adaferin; Adapaleno; Adapalenum; CD-271; CD271; CD 271.
Solubility	Soluble in DMSO, not in water
SMILES Code	COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=C(C=C3)C(=O)O)C45CC6CC(C4)CC(C6)C5
Biological
Targets and Effects	RARβ and RARγ agonist
Pathways	Apoptosis
Physical
Appearance	Solid powder
Purity	>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition	Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition	Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Shelf Life	>2 years if stored properly