Gemcitabine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of an analogue of the antimetabolite nucleoside deoxycytidine with antineoplastic activity. Gemcitabine is converted intracellularly to the active metabolites difluorodeoxycytidine di- and triphosphate (dFdCDP, dFdCTP). dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, thereby decreasing the deoxynucleotide pool available for DNA synthesis; dFdCTP is incorporated into DNA, resulting in DNA strand termination and apoptosis.
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Chemical |
CAS Num |
122111-03-9 (HCl) |
Chemical Formula |
C9H12ClF2N3O4 |
Molecular Weight |
299.66 |
IUPAC Chemical Name |
4-amino-1-((2R,4R,5R)-3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one hydrochloride |
Elemental Analysis |
C, 36.07; H, 4.04; Cl, 11.83; F, 12.68; N, 14.02; O, 21.36 |
Synonym |
LY188011; LY-188011; LY 188011; Abbreviations |
Solubility |
Soluble in DMSO at 12.5 mg/mL with slight warming; very poorly soluble in ethanol; soluble in water at 25 mg/mL with slight warming. |
SMILES Code |
O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C2(F)F.[H]Cl |
Biological |
Targets and Effects |
ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor |
Pathways |
Apoptosis |
Physical |
Appearance |
white solid powder |
Purity |
>98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis) |
Shipping Condition |
Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs. |
Storage Condition |
Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years). |
Shelf Life |
>2 years if stored properly |